Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-Hastelloy

I-Hastelloy iyingxubevange ye-Ni-Mo enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi kakhulu kanye ne-silicon, enciphisa imvula yama-carbides nezinye izigaba ezindaweni ezithinteke ekushiseleni nasekushiseni, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekise ukushisela okuhle ngisho nasendaweni eshiselwe. Ukumelana nokugqwala. Njengoba sonke sazi, i-Hastelloy inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu emithonjeni ehlukahlukene yokunciphisa, futhi ingakwazi ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-hydrochloric acid kunoma yikuphi ukushisa nanoma yikuphi ukugxila ngaphansi kwengcindezi evamile. Inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu ku-medium-concentration non-oxidizing sulfuric acid, ukugxila okuhlukahlukene kwe-phosphoric acid, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme i-acetic acid, i-formic acid namanye ama-organic acid, i-bromic acid negesi ye-hydrogen chloride. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iphinde imelane nokugqwala ngama-halogen catalysts. Ngakho-ke, i-Hastelloy ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo ze-petroleum ezinonya kanye nezinqubo zamakhemikhali, njenge-distillation kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-hydrochloric acid; i-alkylation ye-ethylbenzene kanye ne-low-pressure carbonylation ye-acetic acid nezinye izinqubo zokukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, kutholwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni kwe-Hastelloy iminyaka eminingi:

(1) Kunezindawo ezimbili zokuzwela ku-Hastelloy alloy ezinomthelela omkhulu ekumelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular: indawo yokushisa ephezulu engu-1200 ~ 1300°C kanye nendawo yokushisa ephakathi engu-550~900°C;

(2) Ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwe-dendrite yensimbi yokushisela kanye nendawo ethinteke ekushiseni yengxubevange ye-Hastelloy, izigaba ze-intermetallic kanye nama-carbides adlula eduze kwemingcele yokusanhlamvu, okuwenza azwele kakhulu ukugqwala kwe-intergranular;

(3) I-Hastelloy inokuqina okushisayo kwezinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-iron ku-Hastelloy alloy iwela ngaphansi kwe-2%, i-alloy izwela ukuguqulwa kwesigaba se-β (okungukuthi, isigaba se-Ni4Mo, i-compound intermetallic e-oda). Uma ingxubevange ihlala kuzinga lokushisa elingu-650~750℃ isikhathi eside, isigaba sika-β siyakhiwa khona manjalo. Ukuba khona kwesigaba sika-β kunciphisa ukuqina kwe-Hastelloy alloy, okwenza kube nomuzwa wokugqwala kwengcindezi, futhi kubangele i-Hastelloy alloy Ukwelashwa kokushisa Kukonke) kanye nokuqhekeka kwemishini ye-Hastelloy endaweni yesevisi. Njengamanje, izindlela zokuhlola ezijwayelekile zokumelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular kwama-alloys e-Hastelloy aqokwe izwe lami namanye amazwe emhlabeni kuyindlela evamile yokubilisa i-hydrochloric acid, futhi indlela yokuhlola iyindlela yokunciphisa isisindo. Njengoba i-Hastelloy iyingxubevange imelana ne-hydrochloric acid corrosion, indlela evamile yokubilisa i-hydrochloric acid ayinazwelo ukuhlola ukuthambekela kokugqwala kwe-intergranular kwe-Hastelloy. Izikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi yasekhaya zisebenzisa indlela yokushisa ephezulu ye-hydrochloric acid ukutadisha ama-Hastelloy alloy futhi zathola ukuthi ukumelana nokugqwala kwama-alloys e-Hastelloy akuxhomekile kuphela ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali, kodwa futhi nenqubo yayo yokulawula ukucubungula okushisayo. Lapho inqubo yokucubungula okushisayo ingalawulwa ngendlela engafanele, hhayi kuphela izinhlamvu ze-crystal ze-Hastelloy alloys ezikhulayo, kodwa futhi isigaba se-σ esine-Mo ephezulu sizokwenyuka phakathi kwezinhlamvu. , ukujula komngcele wokusanhlamvu kwepuleti elimahhadla nepuleti elivamile licishe liphindwe kabili.